To improve the national security of the United States.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``National Security Act of 1995''.
SEC. 2. PURPOSE AND FINDINGS.
(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to ensure adequate resources
to protect the national security of the United States. To accomplish
this purpose, Congress should--
(1) realistically assess United States military needs and reverse the
downward spiral of defense spending;
(2) rapidly provide the American people, United States forces, and
United States allies with a capable defense against missile attacks;
(3) restrict deployment of United States troops to missions that are
in the national interest of the United States;
(4) maintain command and control by United States personnel of United
States forces participating in multinational operations and reform the
financial and operational relationship between the United States and the
United Nations; and
(5) reemphasize the commitment of the United States to a strong and
viable NATO;
(b) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) Since January 1993, presidential budgets and budget plans have set
forth a reduction in defense spending of $156,000,000,000 through fiscal
year 1999.
(2) The fiscal year 1995 budget is the 10th consecutive year of
reductions in defense spending and, with the exception of 1948, is
projected to represent the lowest percentage of gross domestic product
for any defense budget since before World War II.
SEC. 9. UNITED STATES POLICY WITH RESPECT TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``NATO
Revitalization and Expansion Act of 1995''.
(b) Findings.--The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) For over 40 years, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has
helped guarantee the security, freedom, and prosperity of the United
States and our partners in the alliance.
(2) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization has expanded its membership
on 3 different occasions since its founding in 1949.
(3) The steadfast and sustained commitment of the member countries of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to mutual defense against the
threat of Communist domination played a significant role in
precipitating the collapse of the Iron Curtain and the demise of the
Soviet Union.
(4) In the place of that threat, new security threats are emerging to
the shared interests of the member countries of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization.
(5) Although these new threats are more geographically and
functionally diverse and less predictable, they still imperil shared
interests of the United States and our North Atlantic Treaty
Organization allies.
(6) Western interests must be protected on a cooperative basis without
an undue burden falling upon the United States.
(7) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is the only multilateral
organization that is capable of conducting effective military operations
to protect Western interests.
(8) The valuable experience gained from ongoing military cooperation
within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was critical to the
success of joint military operations in the 1991 liberation of Kuwait.
(9) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an important diplomatic
forum for discussion of issues of concern to its member states and for
the peaceful resolution of disputes.
(10) Admission of Central and East European countries that have
recently been freed from Communist domination to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization could contribute to international peace and enhance
the security of those countries.
(11) A number of countries, including the Visegrad countries (the
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and the Baltic states
(Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Ukraine, have expressed interest
in North Atlantic Treaty Organization membership.
(12) In recognition of this interest, the ``Partnership for Peace''
proposal offers limited military cooperation to many European countries
not currently members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, but
fails to establish benchmarks or guidelines for eventual North Atlantic
Treaty Organization membership.
(13) In particular, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia
have made significant progress toward establishing democratic
institutions, free market economies, civilian control of their armed
forces, and the rule of law since the fall of their previous Communist
governments.
(c) United States Policy.--It should be the policy of the United
States--
(1) to continue our commitment to and active leadership role in the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization;
(2) to join with our North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies to
redefine the role of the alliance in the post-Cold War world, taking
into account--
(A) the fundamentally changed security environment of Central and
Eastern Europe,
(B) the need to assure all countries of the defensive nature of the
alliance and the desire of its members to work cooperatively with all
former adversaries,
(C) the emerging security threats posed by the proliferation of
nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons of mass destruction and the
means to deliver them,
(D) the continuing challenges to the interests of all North Atlantic
Treaty Organization member countries posed by unstable and undemocratic
regimes harboring hostile intentions, and
(E) the dependence of the global economy on a stable energy supply and
the free flow of commerce;
(3) to affirm that North Atlantic Treaty Organization military
planning should include joint military operations beyond the geographic
bounds of the alliance under Article 4 of the North Atlantic Treaty when
the shared interests of the United States and other member countries
require such action to defend vital interests;
(4) that Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia should be
in a position to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty and
to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area not later than
January 10, 1999, 5 years from the date of the establishment of the
Partnership for Peace, and, in accordance with Article 10 of such
Treaty, should be invited to become full NATO members not later than
that date, provided these countries--
(A) meet appropriate standards, including--
(i) shared values and interests,
(ii) democratic governments,
(iii) free market economies,
(iv) civilian control of the military,
(v) adherence to the values, principles, and political commitments
embodied in the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, and
(vi) commitment to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic
area; and
(B) remain committed to protecting the rights of all their citizens
and respecting the territorial integrity of their neighbors;
(5) that the United States, other NATO member nations, and NATO itself
should furnish appropriate assistance to facilitate the transition of
Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia to full NATO
membership not later than January 10, 1999; and
(6) that other European countries, in particular the Baltic states
(Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Ukraine, emerging from communist
domination may be in a position at a future date to further the
principles of the North Atlantic Treaty and to contribute to the
security of the North Atlantic area, and at the appropriate time they
should receive assistance to facilitate their transition to full NATO
membership and should be invited to become full NATO members.
(d) Authority for Program To Facilitate Transition to NATO
Membership.--
(1) In general.--The President may establish a program to assist the
transition to full NATO membership of Poland, Hungary, the Czech
Republic, Slovakia, and other European countries emerging from communist
domination designated by the President pursuant to paragraph (5).
(2) Conduct of program.--The program established under paragraph (1)
shall facilitate the transition to full NATO membership of the countries
described in such subsection by supporting and encouraging, inter alia--
(A) joint planning, training, and military exercises with NATO forces;
(B) greater interoperability of military equipment, air defense
systems, and command, control, and communications systems; and
(C) conformity of military doctrine.
(3) Type of assistance.--In carrying out the program established under
paragraph (1), the President may provide to the countries described in
such subsection the following types of security assistance:
(A) The transfer of excess defense articles under section 516 of
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, without regard to the restrictions in
paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a) of such section (relating
to the eligibility of countries for such articles under such section).
(B) The transfer of nonlethal excess defense articles under section
519 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, without regard to the
restriction in subsection (a) of such section (relating to the
justification of the foreign military financing program for the fiscal
year in which a transfer is authorized).
(C) Assistance under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 (relating to the Economic Support Fund).
(D) Assistance under chapter 5 of part II of that Act (relating to
international military education and training).
(E) Assistance under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act
(relating to the ``Foreign Military Financing Program'').
(4) Additional assistance.--In addition to the security assistance
provided under paragraph (3), the President may, in carrying out the
program established under paragraph (1), provide assistance from funds
appropriated after the date of the enactment of this Act under the
following accounts:
(A) The ``Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund'' account. (B) The
``Countries in Transition'' account.
(5) Designation of other european countries emerging from communist
domination.--The President may designate other European countries
emerging from communist domination to receive assistance under the
program established under paragraph (1) if the President determines and
reports to the appropriate congressional committees that such countries-
(A) have made significant progress toward establishing--
(i) shared values and interests,
(ii) democratic governments,
(iii) free market economies,
(iv) civilian control of the military,
(v) adherence to the values, principles, and political commitments
embodied in the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, and
(vi) commitment to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic
area; and
(B) are likely, within 5 years of such determination, to be in a
position to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty and to
contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area.
(e) Reporting Requirement.--
(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of enactment
of this Act, and at least once every year thereafter, the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the
implementation of this section.
(2) Contents.--Each such report shall include--
(A) an assessment of the progress made by Poland, Hungary, the Czech
Republic, Slovakia, and other European countries emerging from communist
domination designated by the President pursuant to section subsection
(d)(5) toward meeting the standards for NATO membership set forth in
Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty, including--
(i) an assessment of the progress of such countries toward
establishing--
(I) shared values and interests,
(II) democratic governments,
(III) free market economies,
(IV) civilian control of the military,
(V) adherence to the values, principles, and political commitments
embodied in the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe, and
(VI) commitment to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic
area; and
(ii) the commitment of such countries to protecting the rights of all
their citizens and respecting the territorial integrity of their
neighbors;
(B) a description of all assistance provided under the program
established under section 4, or otherwise provided by the United States
Government to facilitate the transition to full NATO membership of
Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and other European
countries emerging from communist domination designated by the President
pursuant to subsection (d)(5); and
(C) a description of all assistance provided by other NATO member
nations or NATO itself to facilitate the transition to full NATO
membership of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and other
European countries emerging from communist domination designated by the
President pursuant to subsection (d)(5).
(f) Definitions.--
For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term ``appropriate
congressional committees'' means the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the
Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate.
(2) NATO.--The term ``NATO'' means the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization.
(3) Other european countries emerging from communist domination.--The
term ``other European countries emerging from communist domination''
means--
(A) any member of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
located--
(i) in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics; or
(ii) in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia; or
(B) Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria, or Albania.
